African Union (AU)
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Latest Update: 25 May 2026
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Rozen-Bakher, Z, African Union, Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/african-union
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Main Multilateral Trade/ Political/ Economic Alliances, as well as Multilateral Military Defence Treaties (MMDTs), Bilateral Military Defence Treaties (BMDTs), and Foreign Military Presence
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
For Explanation about Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation, please see Section B2 in Section B. Introduction: Why do we need a Global Survival Rank?, 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2024/e/introduction
African Union
The African Union is a Political, Trade and Economic Alliance of the African states, which has several regional Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), as well as a military force, the African Standby Force (ASF) that can be activated by the authorisation of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union in order to restore peace, security, and stability. However, the African Standby Force (ASF) was established to deal mainly with military coups and civil wars that frequently happen in Africa, rather than with war attacks by other countries outside Africa or in the case of war between two African countries. In other words, the African Standby Force (ASF) aims to deal mainly with internal military crises over external military crises. Therefore, the Treaty of the Peace and Security Council that the African Standby Force (ASF) acts upon cannot be considered a Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT) per se, yet sections 4(j) and 4(k) of the treaty can define the treaty as an MMDT, but only in the case of grave circumstances, such as Genocide, War-Crimes, and Crimes against Humanity, so the African Standby Force (ASF) is not included in the list of MMDTs (see e.g., Military Alliances) Moreover, the African Union (AU) aims to establish a Single Free Trade Area, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which is supposed to include Free Movement of People in the style of the EU. Furthermore, during the last years, several African countries were suspended by the AU, mainly due to military coups in those countries, which led three countries – Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger – to formally withdraw from the African Union (AU) and from the African Standby Force (ASF) of ECOWAS, including forming another alliance (For more details, please see Alliance of Sahel States (AES)).
Official Website of African Union https://au.int/in
Map of African Union (AU) by Membership Status
List of Regional Alliances of African Union (AU), Full Name and Abbreviation
List of African Union (AU) by Membership Status, sorted by Alphabetical Order
Regional Alliances of African Union (AU)
Map of Sub-Regions of African Union (AU)
African Standby Force (ASF) of African Union (AU)
List of AU Members by Regional Free Trade Agreements of African Union (AU), sorted by Alphabetical Order
African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) of African Union (AU)
African Union (AU) by Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E11. African Union - Multilateral Alliance: African Union (AU) and its Regional FTAs and African Standby Force (ASF), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/african-union
Section E11 - List of Contents
Section E11. African Union - Multilateral Alliance: African Union (AU) and its Regional FTAs and African Standby Force (ASF), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Section E11.1 African Union (AU) - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E11.2 African Union (AU) - Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E11.3 Sub-Regions of African Union (AU)
Section E11.4 Regional Free Trade Agreements of African Union (AU): CEMAC, COMESA, EAC, ECOWAS, SADC
Section E11.4.1 Regional Free Trade Agreements of African Union (AU), sorted by Alphabetical Order
Section E11.4.2 Regional Free Trade Agreements of African Union (AU), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E11.5 African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) of African Union (AU)
Section E11.6 African Standby Force (ASF) of African Union (AU): EASF, ECCAS, ECOWAS, NARC, SADC
Section E11.6.1 African Standby Force (ASF) of African Union (AU), sorted by Alphabetical Order
Section E11.6.2 African Standby Force (ASF) of African Union (AU), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Africa in the Hand of Russia-China Coalition: The Colonialism Backfire on the USA Coalition, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 November 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/20/11/2022/1522
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Africa List (Excluded North Africa), Twitter-X Lists of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher via the Twitter-X Account @ZivaRozenBakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/identify-risks/africa-list
African Union (AU) Members by the Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher by Alphabetical Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/search-blog-1
The copy of this section was carried out under the cyber of ICCG
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Algeria, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/24032025/algeria
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Angola, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 September 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/09/27/angola
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Benin, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 12 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/12/benin
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Botswana, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 October 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/10/14/botswana
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Burundi, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/20/burundi
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Cabo Verde, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 August 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/01082023/cabo-verde
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Cameroon, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 March 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/03/30/cameroon
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Central African Republic, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/19/central-african-republic
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Chad, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 02 November 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/11/02/chad
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Comoros, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/23122023/comoros
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Congo, Democratic Republic, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/01/dr-congo
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Congo, Republic, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/15072024/congo-republic
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Côte d'Ivoire, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/28/ivory-coast
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Djibouti, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 May 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/05/20/djibouti
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Egypt, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 November 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/11/22/egypt
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Equatorial Guinea, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 May 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/05/17/equatorial-guinea
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Eritrea, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 11 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/11/eritrea
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Eswatini, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 January 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/1/6/eswatini
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Ethiopia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/03042025/ethiopia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Gabon, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18122023/gabon
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Gambia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/25/gambia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Ghana, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 02 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/02/ghana
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Guinea, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/20/guinea
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Guinea-Bissau, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/13/guinea-bissau
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Kenya, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 May 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/05/18/kenya
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Lesotho, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 June 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/06062024/lesotho
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Liberia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/24/liberia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Libya, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 August 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/06082023/libya
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Madagascar, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 26 February 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/02/26/madagascar
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Malawi, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/23/malawi
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Mauritania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/14/mauritania
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Mauritius, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 09 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/02/09/mauritius
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Morocco, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/29/morocco
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Mozambique, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/16/mozambique
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Namibia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/05/namibia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Nigeria, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/14/nigeria
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Rwanda, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05042021/rwanda
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara), Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20022025/western-sahara
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sao Tome and Principe, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/27022025/sao-tome-principe
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Senegal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/13/senegal
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Seychelles, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18042021/seychelles
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sierra Leone, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 02 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/02042025/sierra-leone
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Somalia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/29/somalia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , South Africa , Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20032025/south-africa
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , South Sudan, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/06/south-sudan
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sudan, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/19/sudan
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Tanzania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/25042021/tanzania
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Togo, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/08/togo
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Tunisia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 February 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/02/03/tunisia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Uganda, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/20/uganda
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Zambia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 May 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/05/04/zambia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Zimbabwe, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/15/zimbabwe
From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books
African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present and Future Akinola, A. O., & Matlosa, K. (2025). African Union and Agenda 2063: The Past, Present and Future. UJ Press.
Rhetoric of the African Union (Au) for the Advancement of Free Trade in Africa: Impact of Border Disputes on East Africa Mugabi, K. I. (2025). Rhetoric of the African Union (Au) for the Advancement of Free Trade in Africa: Impact of Border Disputes on East Africa. African Journal of Rhetoric, 17(1), 118-145.
African Union (AU) Agenda 2063, Identity, Intra-Africa Migration and Development: A Decolonial Approach Akanle, O., & Olaniyan, O. I. (2025). African Union (AU) Agenda 2063, Identity, Intra-Africa Migration and Development: A Decolonial Approach. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 14(4).
Regional Approaches to Rehabilitation: Assessing African Union (AU) Interventions in Post-Conflict Recovery. Onyejegbu, D. C. (2025). Regional Approaches to Rehabilitation: Assessing African Union (AU) Interventions in Post-Conflict Recovery. Journal of African Union Studies, 14(2).
Against all odds: why the African Union still talks it out Iroulo, L. C. (2025). Against all odds: why the African Union still talks it out. Politikon, 52(2), 145-164.
Who supports the African Union? Understanding the determinants of citizens' opinion for African integration Asongu, S. A., Diop, S., & Ndiaye, C. T. (2024). Who supports the African Union? Understanding the determinants of citizens' opinion for African integration. African Development Review.
Could the African Union make better use of regional deployments? Kinkoh, H., Soumahoro, M., Mahdi, M., & Atta-Asamoah, A. (2024). Could the African Union make better use of regional deployments?. ISS Peace and Security Council Report, 2024(166), 7-9.
African Union and the Quest for Peace and Security in Africa: A Critique Abiodun, A. (2024). African Union and the Quest for Peace and Security in Africa: A Critique. In Development and Regional Stability in Africa: Unlocking Potential (pp. 11-31). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
The African Union's Peace and Security ArchitectureAdeyeye, J. A. (2024). The African Union’s Peace and Security Architecture. In Engagement of Africa in Conflict Dynamics and Peace Architectures (pp. 17-36). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Managing Conflict in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for the African Union Mlambo, V. H., Aniche, E. T., & Masuku, M. M. (2024). Managing Conflict in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for the African Union. The Palgrave Handbook of Violence in Africa, 1051-1070.
African Union—AU Citaristi, I. (2022). African Union—AU. In The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022 (pp. 423-437). Routledge.
The Peace and Security Council of the African Union: from design to realitySturman, K., & Hayatou, A. (2016). The Peace and Security Council of the African Union: from design to reality. In Africa's New Peace and Security Architecture (pp. 57-76). Routledge.
From states to secretariats: delegation in the African Union Peace and Security Council Hardt, H. (2016). From states to secretariats: delegation in the African Union Peace and Security Council. African Security, 9(3), 161-187.
An Assessmnent of the Transformation Of The Organization of African Unity (OAU) To The African Union (AU), 1963-2007 Edo, V. O., & Olanrewaju, M. A. (2012). An Assessmnent of the Transformation Of The Organization of African Unity (OAU) To The African Union (AU), 1963-2007. Journal of the historical society of Nigeria, 41-69.
African Union (AU) Agenda 2063 and tourism development in Africa: contribution, contradiction and implications Gowreesunkar, V. (2019). African Union (AU) Agenda 2063 and tourism development in Africa: contribution, contradiction and implications. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(2), 288-300.
The finances of the African Union (AU) Engel, U. (2019). The finances of the African Union (AU). In The Finances of Regional Organisations in the Global South (pp. 19-34). Routledge.
Missions with hindrance: African Union (AU) and peacekeeping operationsOla, A. A., & Ehiane, S. O. (2016). Missions with hindrance: African Union (AU) and peacekeeping operations. Journal of African Union Studies, 5(1), 113-135.
The role of the African Union (AU) in preventing conflicts in African States Bamidele, O. (2016). The role of the African Union (AU) in preventing conflicts in African States. Inkanyiso: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 8(1), 69-78.
The resurgence of military coups in Africa and the role of the African Union (AU) MOHAMMED, H. (2022). The resurgence of military coups in Africa and the role of the African Union (AU). Socialscientia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(3).
Regional approaches to crisis response, the African Union (AU) intervention in African states: How viable is it? Bamidele, S. (2017). Regional approaches to crisis response, the African Union (AU) intervention in African states: How viable is it?. India Quarterly, 73(1), 114-128.
The African Standby Force: Progress and Prospects Kent, V., & Malan, M. (2003). The African Standby Force: Progress and Prospects. African Security Studies, 12(3), 71-81.
The African Standby Force: an update on progressCilliers, J. (2008). The African Standby Force: an update on progress (p. 7). Institute for Security Studies (ISS).
The African standby force Cilliers, J., & Pottgieter, J. (2016). The African standby force. In Africa's New Peace and Security Architecture (pp. 111-142). Routledge.
The African Standby Force: The African Union's tool for the maintenance of peace and security Darkwa, L. (2017). The African Standby Force: The African Union’s tool for the maintenance of peace and security. Contemporary Security Policy, 38(3), 471-482.
Assessing the challenges of the African Union Standby Force in Peace Support Operations in Africa: The Case of Darfur, Sudan Mahela, M. (2023). Assessing the challenges of the African Union Standby Force in Peace Support Operations in Africa: The Case of Darfur, Sudan. Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 7(11), 220-240.
Eastern Africa Region And Conflict Management: Case of Eastern Africa Standby Force Wanjira, K., Wasonga, J., & Mulu, F. (2023). Eastern Africa Region And Conflict Management: Case of Eastern Africa Standby Force. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 7(1), 1229-1246.
