Cultures Worldwide: Cultural Openness versus Ethnocentrism List
https://www.rozen-bakher.com/identify-risks/cultural-distance-list
Latest Update: 10 February 2026
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Cultures Worldwide: Cultural Openness versus Ethnocentrism List, Twitter-X Lists of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher via the Twitter-X Account @ZivaRozenBakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/identify-risks/cultural-distance-list
@ZivaRozenBakher/Cultures Worldwide: Cultural Openness versus Ethnocentrism List
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Identify Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Identify Risks via Twitter-X Lists of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Global Level, Regional Level, Multilateral Alliances Level, and Country Level @ZivaRozenBakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Identify Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher via the Twitter-X Account @ZivaRozenBakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/identify-risks-all
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
Cultures Worldwide: Cultural Openness versus Ethnocentrism List
Looking at National Cultures worldwide in terms of Cultural Openness versus Ethnocentrism to identify risks of conflicts and wars due to Cultural Distance. A significant gap in Cultural Distance can even lead to failures in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A). Cultural Openness reflects open-mindedness and tolerance towards cooperation with foreign cultures, while Ethnocentrism reflects belief in superiority over others and a low level of tolerance towards foreign cultures, so Ethnocentrism can lead to more conflicts and wars with foreign cultures. Ethnocentrism even has a risk for the development of racist ideology (e.g., Nazism) and even ethnic cleansing against foreign cultures due to the belief in superiority over others.
Relevant Items From the Research of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2021). FDI’s Unresolved Risk of Cultural Distance - Alternatives Measuring to National Cultural Values: Language Distance, Religion Distance, and Cultural Openness. Unpublished Research Paper, PD7. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/unpublished-research-papers/pd7
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2020). Do We Wrongly Use Equal-weighted Index between the Buyer and the Seller to Determine Cultural Distance in M&As? Analysis of Hofstede and Globe. Unpublished Research Paper, PM8. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/unpublished-research-papers/pm8
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2018). How National Cultural Differences Influence M&A Success in Cross-Border M&As?. Transnational Corporations Review, 10(2), 131-146.
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2011). Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in the Global Era: The Impact of Location Factors ─ Economic, Political, Technological, Cultural and Labour Market Policy ─ on Inward and Outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and the implications of FDI inward and FDI outward on Labour Markets. PhD Dissertation in Hebrew. University of Haifa. Supervisors: Cohen, A. & Weber, Y. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/Dissertation-final-Ziva-Rozen-Bachar.pdf
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2018). Multinational Enterprises (MNE): International Trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Unpublished Research Book in Hebrew, PDB2. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/Dr-Ziva-Rozen-Bakher_Book-Draft-MNE_Hebrew18102025.pdf
Rozen-Bakher, Z. (2004). The Perception of the Israeli Jewish Feminism in relation to Palestinian Women in light of the Ongoing Conflict Between the Jewish and the Palestinian People. M.A. Working Paper in Hebrew, University of Haifa. https://www.rozen-bakher.com/s/The-Perception-of-the-Israeli-Jewish-Feminism-in-relation-to-Palestinian-Women.pdf
Rozen-Bakher, Z., New Caledonia: Force Colony of France by Manipulation of Forthcoming Referendum via Intense Immigration From France and Electoral Reform, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/16/05/2024/1000
Rozen-Bakher, Z., National Cultural Defence, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 May 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/21/05/2023/1044
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Russian War-Culture: Historical Perspective, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 January 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/08/01/2023/0429
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Africa in the Hand of Russia-China Coalition: The Colonialism Backfire on the USA Coalition, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 November 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/20/11/2022/1522
