EU - European Union
https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/eu
Latest Update: 25 May 2026
COPYRIGHT ©2023-2026 ZIVA ROZEN-BAKHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Rozen-Bakher, Z, EU - European Union , Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/eu
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Main Multilateral Trade/ Political/ Economic Alliances, as well as Multilateral Military Defence Treaties (MMDTs), Bilateral Military Defence Treaties (BMDTs), and Foreign Military Presence
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
EU - European Union
The European Union (EU) is a union of European countries that aims to share Trade, Economic and Political aspects, including Military Cooperation. Currently, the EU includes 27 member countries in Europe, but six EU Members also have in total 25 Colonies that most of them are outside Europe, with an Average Distance of 6,561 KM from the Colonies to the Sovereign States. Thereby, the EU Colonies have one of the following EU special status: Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) or Outermost Regions (OMR) or Special Territory (ST).
Official Website of EU https://european-union.europa.eu/index_en
Map of EU by Membership Status
Note, most of the Colonies don’t appear in the map above, so please see the Interactive Map of the EU Colonies below
Interactive Map of EU Colonies
List of EU by Membership Status, sorted by Alphabetical Order
EU by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E22. EU - Multilateral Alliance: European Union (EU), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/eu
Section E22 - List of Contents
Section E22. EU - Multilateral Alliance: European Union (EU), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Section E22.1 EU - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E22.2 EU - Members and EU Colonies (OMR, OCT, and ST): Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Relevant Items From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher:
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The Double Standards by the EU and Germany – The Broken Promise for Never Again: Israeli Genocide in Gaza versus Iran’s ‘Violation of Human Rights’ to Defuse the Armed-Riots-backed by USA & Israel,Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 January 2026, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/14/01/2026/1822
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Has Ukrainian President Zelenskyy Become an Autocrat? Ukraine Without Democratic Presidential Election Over 6 Years, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 July 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/24/07/2025/0728
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Censorship - the End of Democracy, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 June 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/14/06/2023/0526
Rozen-Bakher, Z., New Caledonia: Force Colony of France by Manipulation of Forthcoming Referendum via Intense Immigration From France and Electoral Reform, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/16/05/2024/1000
Forthcoming War Bells in the EU, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 May 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/30/05/2023/0845
EU Not Forever, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 26 May 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/26/05/2023/0806
EU: The Big Loser From Ukraine War in the Long-Run, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 November 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/29/11/2022/1008
Twitter-X Lists of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, European Union List https://www.rozen-bakher.com/twitter-lists/european-union-list
EU Members by the Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher by Alphabetical Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/search-blog-1
The copy of this section was carried out under the cyber of ICCG
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Austria, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 June 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/06/23/austria
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Belgium, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/17/belgium
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Bulgaria, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/21/bulgaria
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Croatia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 September 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/09/8/croatia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Cyprus, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/08/cyprus
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Czech Republic, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 26 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/02/26/czech-republic
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Denmark, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 July 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/07/30/denmark
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Estonia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/04/estonia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Finland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 02 October 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/10/02/finland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 September 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/09/16/france
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Germany, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/04/germany
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Greece, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 10 February 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/02/10/greece
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Hungary, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/30/hungary
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Ireland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/25/ireland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Italy, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/28/italy
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Latvia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/01082024/latvia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Lithuania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/15/lithuania
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Luxembourg, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/23/luxembourg
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Malta, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/13/malta
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/kingdom-of-the-netherlands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Poland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/06/poland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 March 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/29032021/portugal
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Romania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 31 March 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/31032021/romania
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Slovakia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19042021/slovakia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Slovenia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05042025/slovenia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19022025/spain
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sweden, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 12 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/13122023/sweden
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Azores Islands, Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18072024/azores
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Canary Islands, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/15122023/canary-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , French Guiana, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/29072024/french-guiana
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Guadeloupe, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/22072024/guadeloupe
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Madeira, Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/17072024/madeira
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Martinique, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/23072024/martinique
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Mayotte, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/25072024/mayotte
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Réunion, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20072024/reunion
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Martin, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/23022025/saint-martin
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Aruba, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/aruba
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Bonaire, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/27022025/bonaire
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Curaçao, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/curacao
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , French Polynesia, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/27072024/french-polynesia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Greenland, Denmark, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 31 July 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/07/31/greenland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , New Caledonia, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/30072024/new-caledonia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saba, Netherlands , Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/28022025/saba
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Barthélemy, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18032025/saint-barthelemy
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Pierre and Miquelon, France , Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20032025/saint-pierre-and-miquelon
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sint Eustatius, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/24032025/sint-eustatius
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sint Maarten, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/sint-maarten
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Wallis and Futuna Islands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05032025/wallis-and-futuna-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Åland Islands, Finland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 26 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/26022025/aland-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Ceuta, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/06082024/ceuta
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Melilla, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05082024/melilla
From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books
Policy-making in the European Union Wallace, H. S., Pollack, M. A., & Young, A. R. (Eds.). (2025). Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford university press.
Policy complexity and implementation performance in the European Union Haag, M., Hurka, S., & Kaplaner, C. (2025). Policy complexity and implementation performance in the European Union. Regulation & Governance, 19(3), 656-674.
How a 5% GDP military investment could impact European Union biodiversity Sousa, R., Nogueira, J. G., Mammola, S., & Haubrock, P. J. (2025). How a 5% GDP military investment could impact European Union biodiversity. Ecological Solutions and Evidence, 6(4), e70098.
Self-sufficiency of the European Union in critical raw materials for E-mobility Koese, M., Parzer, M., Sprecher, B., & Kleijn, R. (2025). Self-sufficiency of the European Union in critical raw materials for E-mobility. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 212, 108009.
Will the European Union escape its autocracy trap? Kelemen, R. D. (2025). Will the European Union escape its autocracy trap?. Journal of European Public Policy, 32(2), 341-364.
The EU AI act: Implications for ethical AI in education Saarela, M., Gunasekara, S., & Karimov, A. (2025, May). The EU AI act: Implications for ethical AI in education. In International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology (pp. 36-50). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
EU internet law Savin, A. (2025). EU internet law. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Customs law of the European Union Fabio, M. (2025). Customs law of the European Union. Kluwer Law International BV.
The embattled union: toward a theory of siege mentality within European Union institutions de Wilde, P. (2025). The embattled union: toward a theory of siege mentality within European Union institutions. European Politics and Society, 1-12.
European Union law: text and materialsChalmers, D., Davies, G., Monti, G., & Heyvaert, V. (2024). European Union law: text and materials. Cambridge university press.
Israel and the European Union Pardo, S., & Zahavi, H. (2024). Israel and the European Union. In Routledge Handbook on Israel's Foreign Relations (pp. 278-289). Routledge.
E-governance and integration in the European union Troitiño, D. R., Mazur, V., & Kerikmäe, T. (2024). E-governance and integration in the European union. Internet of Things, 27, 101321.
Trustworthy artificial intelligence and the European Union AI act: On the conflation of trustworthiness and acceptability of risk Laux, J., Wachter, S., & Mittelstadt, B. (2024). Trustworthy artificial intelligence and the European Union AI act: On the conflation of trustworthiness and acceptability of risk. Regulation & Governance, 18(1), 3-32.
Three different directions in which the European Union could replace Russian natural gas Nikas, A., Frilingou, N., Heussaff, C., Fragkos, P., Mittal, S., Sampedro, J., ... & Van de Ven, D. J. (2024). Three different directions in which the European Union could replace Russian natural gas. Energy, 290, 130254.
Clustering the European Union electric vehicle markets: A scenario analysis until 2035 Möring-Martínez, G., Senzeybek, M., & Jochem, P. (2024). Clustering the European Union electric vehicle markets: A scenario analysis until 2035. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 135, 104372.
The European security industry: Technocratic politics, internal security cooperation, and the emergence of military R&D in the EULarsson, S. (2020). The European security industry: Technocratic politics, internal security cooperation, and the emergence of military R&D in the EU. In The Routledge Handbook of Critical European Studies (pp. 365-380). Routledge.
Research literature analysis on FDI and FDI flow between Asia and the EU member states Shukla, S. (2021). Research literature analysis on FDI and FDI flow between Asia and the EU member states. Asian Foreign Direct Investment in Europe, 1-19.
A meta‐analysis of the indirect impact of foreign direct investment in old and new EU member states: Understanding productivity spilloversBruno, R. L., & Cipollina, M. (2018). A meta‐analysis of the indirect impact of foreign direct investment in old and new EU member states: Understanding productivity spillovers. The World Economy, 41(5), 1342-1377.
Their violence or ours?: EU–Middle East arms sales and military cooperation Wearing, D. (2021). Their violence or ours?: EU–Middle East arms sales and military cooperation. In Routledge Handbook of EU–Middle East Relations (pp. 447-456). Routledge.
MPCC: towards an EU military command? Tardy, T. (2022). MPCC: towards an EU military command?. European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
The European Commission's new role in EU security and defence cooperation: the case of the European Defence Fund Håkansson, C. (2021). The European Commission’s new role in EU security and defence cooperation: the case of the European Defence Fund. European Security, 30(4), 589-608.
Time to go beyond the meta-debate on EU strategic autonomy in defenceKoenig, N. (2021). Time to go beyond the meta-debate on EU strategic autonomy in defence. Hertie School.
PESCO: A force for positive integration in EU defence Blockmans, S., & Crosson, D. M. (2021). PESCO: A force for positive integration in EU defence. European Foreign Affairs Review, 26(Special).
The future of EU Foreign, Security and Defence Policy: Assessing legal options for improvement Wessel, R. A., Anttila, E., Obenheimer, H., & Ursu, A. (2020). The future of EU Foreign, Security and Defence Policy: Assessing legal options for improvement. European Law Journal, 26(5-6), 371-390.
Evaluation of attractiveness of the EU member states for foreign direct investment Kanapienytė, L., & Činčikaitė, R. (2022). Evaluation of attractiveness of the EU member states for foreign direct investment. Business and management, 12, 114-23.
The EU regulation on screening of foreign direct investment: a game changer? Zwartkruis, W., & De Jong, B. (2020). The EU regulation on screening of foreign direct investment: a game changer?. European Business Law Review, 31(3).
Too much of a good thing? Russia-EU international trade relations at times of war Tajoli, L. (2022). Too much of a good thing? Russia-EU international trade relations at times of war. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 49(4), 807-834.
EU international relations law: the power to conclude international trade agreements Gammage, C. (2018). EU international relations law: the power to conclude international trade agreements. In Handbook on the EU and International Trade (pp. 36-56). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Subsidies and agricultural productivity in the EU Garrone, M., Emmers, D., Lee, H., Olper, A., & Swinnen, J. (2019). Subsidies and agricultural productivity in the EU. Agricultural Economics, 50(6), 803-817.
The Trade Impact of EU Tariff Margins: An Empirical Assessment Cipollina, M., & Salvatici, L. (2019). The Trade Impact of EU Tariff Margins: An Empirical Assessment. Social Sciences, 8(9), 261.
EU global human rights sanctions regime: is the genie out of the bottle? Eckes, C. (2022). EU global human rights sanctions regime: is the genie out of the bottle?. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 30(2), 255-269.
The EU, sanctions and regional leadership Cardwell, P. J., & Moret, E. (2023). The EU, sanctions and regional leadership. European Security, 32(1), 1-21.
