NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/nato
Latest Update: 22 May 2026
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Rozen-Bakher, Z, NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization , Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/nato
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Main Multilateral Trade/ Political/ Economic Alliances, as well as Multilateral Military Defence Treaties (MMDTs), Bilateral Military Defence Treaties (BMDTs), and Foreign Military Presence
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
For Explanation about Military Defence Treaty versus Military Support Treaty versus Military Cooperation, please see Section B2 in Section B. Introduction: Why do we need a Global Survival Rank?, 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2024/e/introduction
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO is a military alliance that was established after WWII led by the USA and it includes mainly countries from Europe under the concept that the USA should protect Europe amid the traumatic past of WWII, yet paradoxically, despite that the Allies, including Russia, fought together against the Nazis in WWII, then NATO includes Germany but not Russia due to the hegemonic objective of the USA as part of the Cold War that was revived by President Biden as part of the Ukraine War, so since the Cold War, Russia has considered the main enemy of NATO. However, President Trump has changed the ‘Rules of Game’ of NATO by declaring his wish to take control over two NATO members, namely to make Canada a Colony of the USA, as well as to annex Greenland, despite that it is part of Denmark, which has increased the stress between the USA and other NATO members. Even the USA-Israel’s war against Iran has escalated the conflict between the USA and other NATO members due to Trump’s demand that NATO should join the war against Iran, which has even led to the situation that the USA has threatened to withdraw from NATO. Regardless of the conflict between the USA and other NATO members, NATO has a big military risk due to the ‘Open Door Policy’, which decreases the military power of NATO because, in the last two decades, too many weaker members joined NATO, while powerful ones stayed outside, so it has weakened NATO instead of empowering the alliance. Even the USA-Israel’s war against Iran reveals the Military Distance Risk that the USA has when it comes to protecting other countries from a long distance, especially in the era of missiles and drones. Moreover, Georgia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered Dialogue Partners of NATO, so they may also join NATO under the ‘Open Door Policy’. Ukraine wishes to join NATO, but Ukraine has a big obstacle to join NATO, because unlikely that all NATO countries will ratify the joining of Ukraine to NATO. Still, NATO is involved indirectly in the war between Russia and Ukraine by providing military aid and military assistance to Ukraine, which has increased the military risk of NATO in terms of lack of enough reserves of munitions and weapons.
Official Website of NATO https://www.nato.int/
Map of NATO by Membership Status
List of NATO by Membership Status, sorted by Alphabetical Order
NATO by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E26. NATO - Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT): North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/nato
Section E26 - List of Contents
Section E26. NATO - Multilateral Military Defence Treaty (MMDT): North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Section E26.1 NATO - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E26.2 NATO - Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E26.3 NATO - Military Risk of Colonies of NATO Members
Section E26.3.1 NATO - Military Risk of Colonies of NATO Members: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E26.3.2 NATO - Military Risk of Colonies of NATO Members: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E26.4 The Impact of the ‘Open Door Policy’ on the Military Power of NATO: Joining Waves Analysis
Relevant Items From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Did Trump Violate the USA’s Multilateral Military Defence Treaties (MMDTs) with a 'Clear Commitment' to Defend in the Case of an Attack?: The Cases of Rio Pact and NATO, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 January 2026, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/08/01/2026/0848
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The New Era of ‘Global Dictator’: Trump, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/03/04/2025/0912
Is NATO Forever? Trump’s Demand of 5% Defense Spending of GDP, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/14/04/2025/1500
NATO in the 20th-Century Style, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 June 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/13/06/2023/1628
Will Russia and China Form Counter-NATO?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 December 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/30/12/2022/1531
Serbia: ‘Sitting on the Fence’ or Russia Ally in the Middle of the ‘NATO Sea’?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 September 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/22/09/2022/1017
Finland as the North Gate of NATO in Case of War with Russia: Is Finland Safer Under NATO?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 May 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/05/05/2022/2020
NATO Paradox - Russia Out while Germany In: Historical Perspective, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 May 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/01/05/2022/0701
Stronger Defence of NATO?: ‘Stronger Defence Propaganda’, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 March 2022,https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/05/03/2022/0525
Twitter-X Lists of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, NATO List https://www.rozen-bakher.com/twitter-lists/nato-list
NATO Members by the Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher by Alphabetical Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/search-blog-1
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Albania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 10 December 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/12/10/albania
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Belgium, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/17/belgium
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Bulgaria, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/21/bulgaria
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Canada, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/24/canada
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Croatia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 September 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/09/8/croatia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Czech Republic, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 26 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/02/26/czech-republic
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Denmark, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 July 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/07/30/denmark
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Estonia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/04/estonia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Finland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 02 October 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/10/02/finland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 September 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/09/16/france
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Germany, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/04/germany
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Greece, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 10 February 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/02/10/greece
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Hungary, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/30/hungary
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Iceland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 31 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/31072024/iceland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Italy, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/28/italy
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Latvia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/01082024/latvia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Lithuania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/15/lithuania
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Luxembourg, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/23/luxembourg
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Montenegro, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/21072024/montenegro
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/kingdom-of-the-netherlands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , North Macedonia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/02/15/north-macedonia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Norway, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05082024/norway
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Poland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/06/poland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 March 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/29032021/portugal
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Romania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 31 March 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/31032021/romania
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Slovakia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19042021/slovakia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Slovenia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05042025/slovenia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19022025/spain
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sweden, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 12 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/13122023/sweden
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Turkey, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 31 January 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/01/31/turkey
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , United Kingdom, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/15/united-kingdom
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , United States, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/21042021/united-states
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Hawaii, Non-Contiguous State of USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 June 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/16062025/hawaii
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Alaska, Non-Contiguous State of USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 June 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/17062025/alaska
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Akrotiri and Dhekelia, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/03032025/akrotiri-and-dhekelia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Åland Islands, Finland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 26 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/26022025/aland-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , American Samoa, USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/21022025/american-samoa
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Anguilla, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/17032025/anguilla
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Aruba, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/aruba
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Azores Islands, Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18072024/azores
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Bermuda, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/13082024/bermuda
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Bonaire, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/27022025/bonaire
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , British Indian Ocean Territory, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/25032025/british-indian-ocean-territory
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , British Virgin Islands, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/24022025/british-virgin-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Canary Islands, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/15122023/canary-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Cayman Islands, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 11 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/11082024/caymanislands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Ceuta, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/06082024/ceuta
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Channel Islands (Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey), UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 31 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/31072024/channel-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Curaçao, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/curacao
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Falkland Islands, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/22032025/falkland-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Faroe Islands, Denmark, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18082024/faroe-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , French Guiana, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/29072024/french-guiana
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , French Polynesia, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/27072024/french-polynesia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Gibraltar, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/22022025/gibraltar
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Greenland, Denmark, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 31 July 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/07/31/greenland
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Guadeloupe, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/22072024/guadeloupe
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Guam, USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 11 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/11042025/guam
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Isle of Man, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 07 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/07082024/isleofman
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Madeira, Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/17072024/madeira
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Martinique, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/23072024/martinique
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Mayotte, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/25072024/mayotte
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Melilla, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05082024/melilla
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Montserrat, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/21032025/montserrat
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , New Caledonia, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/30072024/new-caledonia
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Northern Mariana Islands, USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 October 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/01102024/northern-mariana-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Pitcairn Islands, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/04042025/pitcairn-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Puerto Rico, USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 March 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/30032021/puerto-rico
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Réunion, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20072024/reunion
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saba, Netherlands , Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/28022025/saba
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Barthélemy, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18032025/saint-barthelemy
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19032025/saint-helena-ascension-and-tristan-da-cunha
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Martin, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/23022025/saint-martin
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Pierre and Miquelon, France , Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20032025/saint-pierre-and-miquelon
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sint Eustatius, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 24 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/24032025/sint-eustatius
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Sint Maarten, Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/sint-maarten
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Svalbard, Norway, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/27032025/svalbard
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Turks and Caicos Islands, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20022025/turks-and-caicos-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Virgin Islands, USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 02 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/02082024/virgin-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Wallis and Futuna Islands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05032025/wallis-and-futuna-islands
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Wake Island, USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 11 June 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/11062025/wake-island
Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Johnston Atoll, USA, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 12 June 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/12062025/johnston-atoll
From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books
The Oxford Handbook of NATO Sperling, J., & Webber, M. (Eds.). (2025). The Oxford Handbook of NATO. Oxford University Press.
NATO, multi-domain operations and the future of the Atlantic Alliance Gilli, A., Gilli, M., & Grgić, G. (2025). NATO, multi-domain operations and the future of the Atlantic Alliance. Comparative Strategy, 44(1), 73-91.
Countering hybrid threats: How NATO must adapt (again) after the war in Ukraine Genini, D. (2025). Countering hybrid threats: How NATO must adapt (again) after the war in Ukraine. New Perspectives. Interdisciplinary Journal of Central & East European Politics and International Relations, 33(2), 122-149.
'Crossing the Rubicon': Explaining Sweden's decision to join NATO Aggestam, L., & Hyde-Price, A. (2025). ‘Crossing the Rubicon’: Explaining Sweden’s decision to join NATO. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 27(4), 1267-1291.
Multinational Mission Command: From Paper to Practice in NATO Sjøgren, S., & Nilsson, N. (2025). Multinational Mission Command: From Paper to Practice in NATO. Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies, 8(1), 89-103.
Trapped in the grey zone: NATO-CSDP relations in a new era of European security governance Helferich, J. (2025). Trapped in the grey zone: NATO-CSDP relations in a new era of European security governance. International Politics, 62(5), 1070-1083.
Is NATO Ready for War? Monaghan, S., Jakobsen, E., Martinez, S., Droin, M., Sanders, G., Velazquez, N., ... & Sockwell, M. (2024). Is NATO Ready for War?. Center for Strategic and International Studies, June, 2024-06.
Is There Life After NATO? Trachtenberg, M. (2024). Is There Life After NATO?. Cato Institute, Policy Analysis, (982).
The new NATO Force Model: ready for launch? Deni, J. R. (2024). The new NATO Force Model: ready for launch?. NATO Defense College, 27.
Military alliance and international trade: Evidence from NATO enlargement Li, B., Ge, Y., & Lin, Y. M. (2024). Military alliance and international trade: Evidence from NATO enlargement. The World Economy, 47(3), 930-956.
Transatlantic shakedown: Presidential shaming and NATO burden sharing Becker, J., Kreps, S. E., Poast, P., & Terman, R. (2024). Transatlantic shakedown: Presidential shaming and NATO burden sharing. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 68(2-3), 195-229.
A spatial analysis of NATO burden sharing at the operational levels George, J., & Sandler, T. (2024). A spatial analysis of NATO burden sharing at the operational levels. Kyklos, 77(4), 1026-1047.
NATO in the multi-order worldFlockhart, T. (2024). NATO in the multi-order world. International Affairs, 100(2), 471-489.
Small arms procurement and corruption in small NATO countries Pernica, B., Palavenis, D., & Dvorak, J. (2024). Small arms procurement and corruption in small NATO countries. Journal of Public Procurement, 24(3), 348-370.
An Analysis on the Image of NATO in Türkiye Cengiz, M. F., Avcı, Ö., & Örselli, E. (2024). An Analysis on the Image of NATO in Türkiye. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2024.27.3.58
NATO security burden sharing, 1991–2020 Kim, W., & Sandler, T. (2024). NATO security burden sharing, 1991–2020. Defence and Peace Economics, 35(3), 265-280.
Bottom‐up foreign policy? Finland, NATO and public opinion Forsberg, T. (2024). Bottom‐up foreign policy? Finland, NATO and public opinion. Scandinavian Political Studies, 47(3), 283-307.
Insufficiency of informal alignment: why did Finland choose formal NATO membership? Pesu, M., & Iso-Markku, T. (2024). Insufficiency of informal alignment: why did Finland choose formal NATO membership?. International Affairs, 100(2), 569-588.
No-capability defence acquisition: a literature review on policy and practice of military acquisition within NATOand the EU Verlaine, A. (2023). No-capability defence acquisition: a literature review on policy and practice of military acquisition within NATO and the EU. International Journal of Procurement Management, 17(4), 443-487.
NATO burden sharing research along three paradigms Bogers, M., Beeres, R., & Bollen, M. (2022). NATO burden sharing research along three paradigms. Defence and peace economics, 33(5), 534-547.
Explaining states' burden-sharing behaviour within NATO Oma, I. M. (2012). Explaining states’ burden-sharing behaviour within NATO. Cooperation and conflict, 47(4), 562-573.
NATO options and dilemmas for deterring Russia in the Baltic States Veebel, V. (2018). NATO options and dilemmas for deterring Russia in the Baltic States. Defence studies, 18(2), 229-251.
NATO, energy security and institutional change Bocse, A. M. (2020). NATO, energy security and institutional change. European security, 29(4), 436-455.
Understanding NATO in the 21st century: Alliance strategies, security and global governance Herd, G. P., & Kriendler, J. (Eds.). (2013). Understanding NATO in the 21st century: Alliance strategies, security and global governance. Routledge.
Systematic review of the prevalence and characteristics of battle casualties from NATO coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan Hoencamp, R., Vermetten, E., Tan, E. C., Putter, H., Leenen, L. P., & Hamming, J. F. (2014). Systematic review of the prevalence and characteristics of battle casualties from NATO coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. Injury, 45(7), 1028-1034.
Ironclad US commitment to NATO? From NATO expansion to the Ukraine crisis Song, Y. (2024). Ironclad US commitment to NATO? From NATO expansion to the Ukraine crisis. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2282734.
Türkiye: A drifting NATO member? Bakir, A. (2024). Türkiye: A drifting NATO member?. In China, Russia, and the USA in the Middle East (pp. 65-84). Routledge.
Preparing for War: wargaming the NATO-Russia confrontation in the Baltics Regnier, C. (2023). Preparing for War: wargaming the NATO-Russia confrontation in the Baltics. Critical Studies on Security, 11(3), 230-243.
NATO burden-sharing: past, present, future McGerty, F., Kunertova, D., Sargeant, M., & Webster, A. (2022). NATO burden-sharing: past, present, future. Defence studies, 22(3), 533-540.
NATO vs. the CSTO: security threat perceptions and responses to secessionist conflicts in Eurasia Guliyev, F., & Gawrich, A. (2021). NATO vs. the CSTO: security threat perceptions and responses to secessionist conflicts in Eurasia. Post-Communist Economies, 33(2-3), 283-304.
