Eurozone
https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/eurozone
Latest Update: 25 May 2026
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Rozen-Bakher, Z, Eurozone, Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/alliances/eurozone
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher: Monitoring Main Multilateral Trade/ Political/ Economic Alliances, as well as Multilateral Military Defence Treaties (MMDTs), Bilateral Military Defence Treaties (BMDTs), and Foreign Military Presence
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Monitoring Alliances by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-alliances
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
Eurozone
The Eurozone refers to the Countries that use the Euro Currency, either based on EU membership or Agreement with the EU or voluntarily. However, the objective of creating a New International Economic Order (see Section E3.2) by the Russia-China Coalition (e.g., via BRICS and NDB) includes challenging the dominance of the US Dollar, which will also negatively affect the euro as the Eurozone relies more on trade with the USA. In other words, if we look at the geopolitical fight between USA dominance and Anti-USA dominance, then there is a correlation between the strength of the Dollar and the Euro because the Eurozone is in favour of preserving the USA dominance.
The Euro - European Central Bank https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/html/index.en.html
Map of Eurozone by Membership Status
Note, most of the Colonies don’t appear in the map above, so please see below the Interactive Map of the EU Colonies that use the Euro.
Interactive Map of EU Colonies that use the Euro
List of Eurozone by Membership Status, sorted by Alphabetical Order
Eurozone by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E23. Eurozone - Multilateral Alliance: Countries and Colonies that Use the Euro, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/eurozone
Section E23 - List of Contents
Section E23. Eurozone - Multilateral Alliance: Countries and Colonies that Use the Euro, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Section E23.1 Eurozone - Membership Status: Geopolitical Position, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Section E23.2 Eurozone - Countries and Colonies that Use the Euro: Global Survival Rank Indicators (R1-R7), sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR)
Relevant Items From the Research Projects of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z., USA about US Dollar: Sleep Walking , Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 07 April 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/07/04/2023/2330
Section E3.2 UN Vote on New International Economic Order, sorted by 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR), Section E3. Determination of Geopolitical Position: Sanctions, Economic Order, Decolonialism, and Trade-war, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/determination-geopolitical-position
Section E29. Multilateral Alliance: Eurozone, 2024 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2024/e/29
Eurozone by the Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher by Alphabetical Order https://www.rozen-bakher.com/search-blog-1
The copy of this section was carried out under the cyber of ICCG
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Akrotiri and Dhekelia, UK, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/03032025/akrotiri-and-dhekelia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Åland Islands, Finland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 26 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/26022025/aland-islands
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Andorra, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 February 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/02/15/andorra
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Austria, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 June 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/06/23/austria
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Azores Islands, Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18072024/azores
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Belgium, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/17/belgium
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Bulgaria, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 August 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/08/21/bulgaria
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Canary Islands, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 December 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/15122023/canary-islands
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Ceuta, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/06082024/ceuta
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Croatia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 September 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/09/8/croatia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Cyprus, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 08 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/08/cyprus
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Estonia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/04/estonia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Finland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 02 October 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/10/02/finland
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 September 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/09/16/france
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , French Guiana, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/29072024/french-guiana
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Germany, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 04 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/04/germany
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Greece, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 10 February 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2023/02/10/greece
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Guadeloupe, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 22 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/22072024/guadeloupe
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Ireland, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/25/ireland
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Italy, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 28 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/28/italy
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Kosovo, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 December 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/12/25/kosovo
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Latvia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 01 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/01082024/latvia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Lithuania, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 15 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/03/15/lithuania
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Luxembourg, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 May 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/05/23/luxembourg
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Madeira, Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 17 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/17072024/madeira
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Malta, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 13 June 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2021/06/13/malta
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Martinique, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/23072024/martinique
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Mayotte, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 25 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/25072024/mayotte
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Melilla, Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 August 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05082024/melilla
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Monaco, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19032025/monaco
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Montenegro, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 21 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/21072024/montenegro
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Netherlands, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/2022/04/27/kingdom-of-the-netherlands
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Portugal, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 29 March 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/29032021/portugal
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Réunion, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 July 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20072024/reunion
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Barthélemy, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 18 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/18032025/saint-barthelemy
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Martin, France, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/23022025/saint-martin
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Saint Pierre and Miquelon, France , Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 March 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/20032025/saint-pierre-and-miquelon
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , San Marino, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/16042021/san-marino
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Slovakia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 April 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19042021/slovakia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Slovenia, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 April 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/05042025/slovenia
· Rozen-Bakher, Z. , Spain, Blog on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 19 February 2025, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/blog/19022025/spain
From Scientific Literature - Research Papers and Research Books
Eurozone economic integration: Historical developments and new challenges ahead Bagliano, F. C., & Morana, C. (2025). Eurozone economic integration: Historical developments and new challenges ahead. European Economic Review, 176, 105023.
How the Eurozone shapes populism: A comparative political economy approach Rathgeb, P., & Hopkin, J. (2025). How the Eurozone shapes populism: A comparative political economy approach. Journal of European Public Policy, 32(5), 1173-1196.
Inflation and global supply chain pressure in Eurozone: a time-varying causal analysis Stan, S. E., Oprean-Stan, C., Bătușaru, C., Mârza, B., & Bratu, R. (2025). Inflation and global supply chain pressure in Eurozone: a time-varying causal analysis. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 31(2), 388-411.
MMT, sovereign currencies and the Eurozone Lavoie, M. (2025). MMT, sovereign currencies and the Eurozone. In Post-Keynesian Economics (pp. 158-171). Routledge.
Revisiting MMT, sovereign currencies and the Eurozone: A reply to Marc Lavoie Ehnts, D. H., & Randall Wray, L. (2025). Revisiting MMT, sovereign currencies and the Eurozone: A reply to Marc Lavoie. Review of political economy, 37(5), 2102-2116.
Information spillovers and sovereign debt: Theory meets the eurozone crisis Cole, H. L., Neuhann, D., & Ordonez, G. (2025). Information spillovers and sovereign debt: Theory meets the eurozone crisis. Review of Economic Studies, 92(1), 197-237.
The economics of sovereign debt, bailouts, and the eurozone crisis Gourinc has, P. O., Martin, P., & Messer, T. (2025). The economics of sovereign debt, bailouts, and the eurozone crisis. Journal of the European Economic Association, 23(6), 2003-2047.
Ready for a digital Euro? Insights from a research agenda Cotugno, M., Manta, F., Perdichizzi, S., & Stefanelli, V. (2024). Ready for a digital Euro? Insights from a research agenda. Research in International Business and Finance, 67, 102117.
Citizens' satisfaction with democracy against the backdrop of the Eurozone crisis management: the case of Greece Kontogiannis-Mandros, A., & Gousis, C. (2025). Citizens’ satisfaction with democracy against the backdrop of the Eurozone crisis management: the case of Greece. European Politics and Society, 26(4), 814-835.
Tracking global economic uncertainty: implications for the euro area Bobasu, A., Quaglietti, L., & Ricci, M. (2024). Tracking global economic uncertainty: implications for the euro area. IMF Economic Review, 72(2), 820-857.
Economic uncertainty, public debt and non-performing loans in the Eurozone: Three systemic crises Zeqiraj, V., Gurdgiev, C., Sohag, K., & Hammoudeh, S. (2024). Economic uncertainty, public debt and non-performing loans in the Eurozone: Three systemic crises. International Review of Financial Analysis, 93, 103208.
Reforming the Eurozone financial system: A system-dynamics approach van Egmond, N. D., & de Vries, B. J. M. (2024). Reforming the Eurozone financial system: A system-dynamics approach. International Review of Financial Analysis, 93, 103192.
How does monetary policy affect income and wealth inequality? Evidence from quantitative easing in the euro area Lenza, M., & Slacalek, J. (2024). How does monetary policy affect income and wealth inequality? Evidence from quantitative easing in the euro area. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 39(5), 746-765.
Does the Eurozone live in a Minskyan world? Charles, S. (2024). Does the Eurozone live in a Minskyan world?. Research in Economics, 78(4), 100984.
Does monetary policy affect income inequality in the euro area? Samarina, A., & Nguyen, A. D. (2024). Does monetary policy affect income inequality in the euro area?. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 56(1), 35-80.
Gas price shocks and euro area inflation Adolfsen, J. F., Minesso, M. F., Mork, J. E., & Van Robays, I. (2024). Gas price shocks and euro area inflation. Journal of International Money and Finance, 149, 103183.
The euro: How a common currency threatens the future of Europe Stiglitz, J. E. (2016). The euro: How a common currency threatens the future of Europe. WW Norton & Company.
From Sick Man of Europe to the German economic power house. Two narratives: ordoliberalism versus euro-currency regime Young, B. (2021). From Sick Man of Europe to the German economic power house. Two narratives: ordoliberalism versus euro-currency regime. In Imbalance (pp. 176-190). Routledge.
The Euro Area: Does one currency fit all? Nikas, C., Stoupos, N., & Kiohos, A. (2019). The Euro Area: Does one currency fit all?. International Review of Applied Economics, 33(5), 642-658.
The Incomplete Currency: the future of the euro and solutions for the Eurozone Minenna, M., Boi, G. M., & Verzella, P. (2016). The Incomplete Currency: the future of the euro and solutions for the Eurozone. John Wiley & Sons.
The political economy of failure: The euro as an international currency Germain, R., & Schwartz, H. (2014). The political economy of failure: The euro as an international currency. Review of International Political Economy, 21(5), 1095-1122.
The future of global currency: the euro versus the dollar Cohen, B. J. (2012). The future of global currency: the euro versus the dollar. Routledge.
The euro: the politics of the new global currency Marsh, D. (2009). The euro: the politics of the new global currency. Yale University Press.
Recent Developments in the Currency War: The Euro, the Dollar, the Yen, and the BEMU Wu, E. Y. (2000). Recent Developments in the Currency War: The Euro, the Dollar, the Yen, and the BEMU. Conn. J. Int'l L., 15, 1.
The emergence of the euro as an international currency Portes, R., & Rey, H. (1998). The emergence of the euro as an international currency. Economic Policy, 13(26), 306-343.
