Sanctions
https://www.rozen-bakher.com/forum/2021/07/27/sanctions
Published Date: 27 July 2021; Latest Update of Scientific Literature: 12 March 2026
COPYRIGHT ©2021-2026 ZIVA ROZEN-BAKHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Sanctions, Global Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 July 2021, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/forum/2021/07/27/sanctions
Global Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Global Risks Aims to Stimulate Thinking ‘Out of the Box’ about Ongoing Global Problems that Have No Clear Solutions.
Rozen-Bakher, Z. Global Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/global-risks
Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Researcher in International Relations and Foreign Policy with a Focus on International Security alongside Military, Political and Economic Risks for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and International Trade
Are Economic Sanctions Effective to Change the Course of a Regime Policy or a Regime Behaviour?
Do Economic Sanctions Create Alternatives that Backfire on the Sanctions Tool?
Are Economic Sanctions Backfire on the Global Prosperity when they are used often against many Regimes?
In the last decade, economic sanctions are used often to ‘punish’ regimes that don’t act according to the Western norms and democratic values or to change the course of a regime policy. Still, it is doubtful if economic sanctions are effective to transform regimes to democratic regimes or to change the policy of a regime.
Looking at many cases of economic sanctions worldwide, then the Sanctions Tool even raises concerns that it may backfire on the objectives of the sanctions because it may lead to informal channels to fulfil the vacuum that the sanctions create.
Worse than that, instead of transforming regimes to democratic regimes or changing a problematic policy of a regime via sanctions, then it may lead to antagonism against the Western countries and against the USA, in particular, because the USA often imposes sanctions against many regimes, resulting in changing the global order in a way that weakens the democratic world, especially undermining the global position of the USA as a hegemonic superpower.
From the perspective of global prosperity, Western countries should examine the effectiveness of the sanctions tool, especially if it leads to ‘Sanctions-War’ between the superpowers in terms of tit-for-tat sanctions that each superpower/country may impose on rivals. Importantly, the democratic world should consider the use of diplomacy for regime transformation instead of punishing problematic regimes via sanctions in order to prevent 'push out' regimes from a half-democracy regime to an autocratic regime.
Relevant Items From the Research of Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Section D4.5 Sanctions Against Russia (M5), Section D. Methodology, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakherhttps://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/d/methodology
Section E3. Determination of Geopolitical Position: Sanctions, Economic Order, Decolonialism, and Trade-war, 2025 Global Survival Rank (GSR) by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher https://www.rozen-bakher.com/gsr/2025/e/determination-geopolitical-position
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Gas & Oil War-Sanctions: USA Coalition vs. Russian Coalition, Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 07 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/07/04/2022
Rozen-Bakher, Z., USA Coalition vs. Russian Coalition: FDI and International Trade Analysis, Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/30/03/2022
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Sanctions against Russia: USA Coalition vs. Russian Coalition, Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 14 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/14/03/2022
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Sanctions against Russia: Global Sanctions-War, Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 23 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/23/02/2022
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Russia’s Counter-Sanctions: ‘Gazprom-Weapon’, Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 7 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/07/02/2022
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Sanctions against Iran and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Monitoring Risks by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 3 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/monitoring-risks/03/02/2022
Rozen-Bakher, Z., ‘USA Senate International Court’: The Obstruction of Justice by USA Senate via Threatening to Impose Sanctions against International Criminal Court (ICC), Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 07 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/07/05/2024/0644
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) called its 57 member states to impose sanctions Against Israel: Which Countries will Join the Sanctions?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 06 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/06/05/2024/0932
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The Backfire on USA Coalition amid the Sanctions against Russia: Slowdown and Recession, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 05 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/05/05/2024/0141
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Saudi Arabia: Normalization with Israel or Sanctions against Israel?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 May 2024, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/03/05/2024/2007
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Sanctions Against Russia: Religion Analysis, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 03 January 2023, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/03/01/2023/2200
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Are Sanctions Effective under the Global Mechanism of Middle Trade Brokers?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 30 September 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/30/09/2022/0247
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The Global Despotism of the Superpower USA via Sanctions: The Case of Taliban, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 09 September 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/09/09/2022/0947
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Swiss Sanctions against Russia: The Risk for Swiss Banks Due to Swiss Discontinuing with its Neutrality Policy, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 August 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/27/08/2022/1922
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Russian Counter-Sanctions: The Replacement of West Exporters with East Exporters, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 16 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/16/04/2022/0833
Rozen-Bakher, Z., West Sanctions Against North Korea: Is it Worked?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 12 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/12/04/2022/0719
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Is Iran Succeeded to Bypass the West Sanctions?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 10 April 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/10/04/2022/0716
Rozen-Bakher, Z., Australia Bans Alumina Exports to Russia: An Effective Sanctions?, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 20 March 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/20/03/2022/0536
Rozen-Bakher, Z., The Illusion of USA that China will not Help Russia to Bypass the Sanctions, Risks Timeline by Dr. Ziva Rozen-Bakher, 27 February 2022, https://www.rozen-bakher.com/timeline-risks/27/02/2022/1028
From the Scientific Literature: Research Papers and Research Books
Sanctions: what everyone needs to knowJentleson, B. W. (2022). Sanctions: what everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.
Economic sanctions: Evolution, consequences, and challenges Morgan, T. C., Syropoulos, C., & Yotov, Y. V. (2023). Economic sanctions: Evolution, consequences, and challenges. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(1), 3-29.
The human consequences of economic sanctions Rodríguez, F. (2024). The human consequences of economic sanctions. Journal of Economic Studies, 51(4), 942-963.
A comprehensive approach to sanctions effectiveness: Lessons learned from sanctions on Russia Giumelli, F. (2024). A comprehensive approach to sanctions effectiveness: Lessons learned from sanctions on Russia. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 30(2), 211-228.
International business under sanctions Meyer, K. E., Fang, T., Panibratov, A. Y., Peng, M. W., & Gaur, A. (2023). International business under sanctions. Journal of World Business, 58(2), 101426.
The economics of sanctions: From theory into practice Itskhoki, O., & Ribakova, E. (2024). The economics of sanctions: From theory into practice. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2024(2), 425-470.
Backfire: How sanctions reshape the world against US interests Demarais, A. (2022). Backfire: How sanctions reshape the world against US interests. Columbia University Press.
Financial sanctions, SWIFT, and the architecture of the international payment system Cipriani, M., Goldberg, L. S., & La Spada, G. (2023). Financial sanctions, SWIFT, and the architecture of the international payment system. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(1), 31-52.
Do economic sanctions work? Evidence from the Russia‐Ukraine conflict Gaur, A., Settles, A., & Väätänen, J. (2023). Do economic sanctions work? Evidence from the Russia‐Ukraine conflict. Journal of Management Studies, 60(6), 1391-1414.
Sanctions and the exchange rateItskhoki, O., & Mukhin, D. (2025). Sanctions and the exchange rate. Review of Economic Studies, rdaf085.
When Do Imposed Economic Sanctions Work? A Critical Review of the Sanctions Effectiveness Literature Peksen, D. (2019). When do imposed economic sanctions work? A critical review of the sanctions effectiveness literature. Defence and Peace Economics, 30(6), 635-647.
Which sanctions matter? analysis of the EU/russian sanctions of 2014 Bělín, M., & Hanousek, J. (2021). Which sanctions matter? Analysis of the EU/Russian sanctions of 2014. Journal of Comparative Economics, 49(1), 244-257.
Who is afraid of sanctions? The macroeconomic and distributional effects of the sanctions against Iran Ghomi, M. (2022). Who is afraid of sanctions? The macroeconomic and distributional effects of the sanctions against Iran. Economics & Politics, 34(3), 395-428.
The sword and the shield: The economics of targeted sanctions Ahn, D. P., & Ludema, R. D. (2020). The sword and the shield: The economics of targeted sanctions. European Economic Review, 130, 103587.
The impact of international sanctions on environmental performance Fu, Q., Chen, Y. E., Jang, C. L., & Chang, C. P. (2020). The impact of international sanctions on environmental performance. Science of the Total environment, 745, 141007.
Hard target: Sanctions, inducements, and the case of North Korea Haggard, S., & Noland, M. (2017). Hard target: Sanctions, inducements, and the case of North Korea. Stanford University Press.
Why economic sanctions do not work Pape, R. A. (1997). Why economic sanctions do not work. International security, 22(2), 90-136.
The Sanctions Decade Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s Lopez, G. A., & Cortright, D. (2000). The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Pub.
Economic sanctions reconsidered: History and current policy Hufbauer, G. C., Schott, J. J., & Elliott, K. A. (1990). Economic sanctions reconsidered: History and current policy (Vol. 1). Peterson Institute.
The art of sanctions: A view from the fieldNephew, R. (2017). The art of sanctions: A view from the field. Columbia University Press.
Economic Sanctions as Tools of Foreign Policy Eland, I. (2018). Economic sanctions as tools of foreign policy. In Economic Sanctions (pp. 29-42). Routledge.
Sanctions and tourism: effects, complexities and research Seyfi, S., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Sanctions and tourism: Effects, complexities and research. Tourism geographies, 22(4-5), 749-767.
Can economic sanctions be effective? Smeets, M. (2018). Can economic sanctions be effective?. WTO Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2018-03
Economic sanctions threaten population health: the case of Iran Aloosh, M., Salavati, A., & Aloosh, A. (2019). Economic sanctions threaten population health: the case of Iran. Public health, 169, 10-13.
UN targeted sanctions datasets (1991–2013) Biersteker, T. J., Eckert, S. E., Tourinho, M., & Hudáková, Z. (2018). UN targeted sanctions datasets (1991–2013). Journal of peace research, 55(3), 404-412.
Factors Affecting the Success of Sanctions Elliott, K. A. (2018). Factors affecting the success of sanctions. In Economic Sanctions (pp. 51-59). Routledge.
Sanctions, counter-sanctions and Russia: Effects on economy, trade and finance Korhonen, I., Simola, H., & Solanko, L. (2018). Sanctions, counter-sanctions and Russia: Effects on economy, trade and finance (No. 4/2018). BOFIT Policy Brief.
US sanctions and Russia's economy Nelson, R. M. (2017). US sanctions and Russia's economy. United States Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report R43895.
